In the first half of the 18th century, Niwa Teiki(丹羽貞 機)was involved in the creation of the 『YagJaeJilJeongGisa(藥 材質正紀事)』 as the chief investigator of research and writing as the Japanese medical officer for the 10th Mujin(戊辰) of the Jo-seon Tongsin mission. Although the two documents had a common purpose of researching Jo-seon-centered products, each had its own unique characteristics. 『YagJaeJilJeongGisa(藥材質正紀事)』 Considering the attitude of medicinal material quality regulators who ask questions to confirm the identity of medicinal materials and leave pictures of the actual items, it reflects the trade situation at the time to open up a new route for medicinal material imports that used to depend on China and Jo-seon. This is a plan to reduce errors and accurately import medicinal materials before diversifying trade routes. In addition, it is a natural history characteristic that led to 『SeoMulRyuChan(庶物類纂)』 by Niwa Teiki(丹羽貞機). It can be said that Niwa Teiki(丹羽貞機), with the help of the Jo-seon Tongsin mission, created the to identify the true nature of Jo-seon special products that were difficult to research and to promote the spread of knowledge. In addition, its realization was possible because a competent scholar such as Koshi Tsuneemon(越常右衛門) participated in and supported the investigation of 『YagJaeJilJeongGisa(藥材質正紀事)』. This expansion of knowledge is due to the fact that 『Yag aeJilJeongGisa(藥材質正紀事)』 for accumulating knowledge related to medicinal materials and for identification of local products are materials with continuity. First, the literary significance of 『YagJaeJilJeongGisa(藥材質 正紀事)』 and can be found in the fact that the two materials are important as recorded literature. Second, it has major value as a linguistic and literary material that enables mutual research between the names of things in Northeast Asia through the Chinese character names of things in East Asia in the 18th century.

• EndNote
• RefWorks
• Scholar's Aid
• BibTeX

Export Citation Cancel

The Joseontonsinsa in the late Joseon period brought a letter of state from the King of Joseon to the Tokugawa Shogun, along with an annex containing a list of courtesies to the Shogun, his successor, and Ogosyo (Retired Shogun), including ramie cloth, ginseng, tiger skin, hawks, and horses. Of these, the hawk and horse were considered symbols of authority, and it is thought that they became courtesies in combination with the Shogun's preferences. Therefore, it can be assumed that the negotiation of the hawk and horse by the Tsushima domain is a matter related to the Shogun's authority, and must be considered as a matter related to the prestige of the Tsushima domain, whose family role is diplomatic service between Japan and the Joseon. In addition, it is significant to clarify the transportation system of the Tsushima domain, the support system for the transportation by the feudal lords by sea and land, and the cooperation between the Tsushima domain and the feudal lords to clarify the whole picture of the transportation of the hawks and horses. From this perspective, previous studies have only partially clarified the details, such as the verification of the transportation by sea in “Ushimado Town History” and the analysis of the personnel composition related to transporting hawks by land by Hiroshi Nakao. This article focuses on Tsushima’s negotiations regarding hawks and horses, as well as the movements of the Tsushima domain and its officials in transporting hawks from Busan to Edo, centering on the Joseontonsinsa of 1711. As a result, it was revealed that the negotiation between hawks and horses was made upon the request of Tsushima Domain based on precedent and shogunate’s intention. It was also confirmed that the support system for the transportation was prepared based on the information provided by the Tsushima domain, and that the hawks and horses traveled along the same route as the Joseontonsinsa both by sea and land. In addition, the sea route and the land route traveled the same route as the carrier of the Joseontonsinsa, who was in charge of the transfer. Moreover, it was also revealed that the hawks transferred to Edo were selected by the shogunate officials as gifts to the shogunate. This trend, where the Tsushima Domain and its officers supported the shogunate authority, significantly contributed to the stability of the Japanese-Joseon relationship.

• EndNote
• RefWorks
• Scholar's Aid
• BibTeX

Export Citation Cancel

In order to find a typical example of literary exchange between Joseon and Japan that took place in the wake of the dispach og Tongsinsa, this study targeted the envoy trip in 1763, when the greatest number of people exchanged, and traced conversations with literary figures of Rin-ke, a family related to the Edo Shogunate. 『Kankanshowa(韓館唱和)』 edited by Rin-ke exemplifies the formal exchange of writers from both countries. First, a basic sense of solidarity as Confucian scholars was formed between them in that they admired Confucianism. Second, despite equal exchanges, their pride in their respective countries is being revealed. Third, even in a friendly atmosphere, a tense relationship is formed in which one must be wary of the other party. Looking at the literary exchanges between the two countries, it can be confirmed that the two countries maintained friendly relations and aimed for peace.

• EndNote
• RefWorks
• Scholar's Aid
• BibTeX

Export Citation Cancel

This article is a study on the exchange of Joseon Tongsinsa paintings seen through Lee Won-chan’s tiger paintings. Lee Won-chan’s works, known as active painters in the middle of the Joseon Dynasty, are all tiger paintings. Lee Won-chan’s “Tiger Painting” is currently housed in the National Maritime Museum in Busan, Japan’s Osaka History Museum, and the National Asian Art Museum in Berlin, Germany. Lee Won-chan’s full-fledged research began in 2021. The research conducted is a research company centered on tiger figures, and this author's research is about the background surrounding tigers. Lee Won-chan’s “Tiger Painting” is divided into two types depending on the background. They include a domestic collection of tigers roaring in the background of landscape paintings, and a Japanese and German collection of tigers alone without a background. This paper focused on the single composition applied to the tiger painting drawn by Lee Won-chan. The composition of Lee Won-chan's Tiger Painting, which depicts animals, not portraits of people, is a unique and special aspect. This article examined a new type of tiger, Lee Won-chan’s single compositional painting, which appeared in the 17th century, along with the work of Joseon Tongsinsa.

• EndNote
• RefWorks
• Scholar's Aid
• BibTeX

Export Citation Cancel

• EndNote
• RefWorks
• Scholar's Aid
• BibTeX

Export Citation Cancel

This study is about doctors whose track records are unknown due to a lack of data among research related to Joseon Tongsinsa. The purpose of this paper is to supplement preceding study based on Tsushima’s records. Among the members of the Joseon Tongsinsa, the positions related to medical care were ‘良医’ and ‘医員’. preceding study say that ‘良医’ was in charge of academic exchanges with the Japanese doctors, and ‘医員’ was in charge of medical treatment. Is it because of this? In many cases, records are made only with respect to ‘良医’, and ‘良医’ is marked as ‘医師’. In the ‘Tsushima’s records’, when the lord of the Tushima fell ill, the Joseon Tongsinsa’s doctor went to see him. At this time, there were cases where the General manager sent him for medical treatment, and there were cases where the Tsushima’s lord requested it himself. During the 8th Joseon Tongsinsa, on the day the Joseon Tongsinsa arrived in Huchu(府中), there was a case in which ‘良医’ and ‘医員’ were called at the request of the lord. But medical support for health care was not one-sided. Joseon Tongsinsa also requested medical support from Tsushima, but it was not limited to medicinal materials or tools. Joseon Tongsinsa mainly requested surgical supports on limited occasions.

• EndNote
• RefWorks
• Scholar's Aid
• BibTeX

Export Citation Cancel

In the 12th year of the Keichoera(1607), the first Joseon envoys of the Edo period visited Sumpu and Sumpu Castle. The HaeSaRok, written by vice-envoy GyeongSeom, contains descriptions of Sumpu and Sumpu Castle at the time. Acomparison of the descriptions in HaeSaRok and Japanese historical records of Sumpu Castle’s construction process shows many consistencies and HaeSaRok can be considered a valuable document, describing the state of Sumpu and Sumpu Castle at the time. Although the castle was still under construction, it is noteworthy that the buildings necessary to meet foreign envoys, such as the mon (gates) and the goten (palace), were already in place. Sumpu Castle employs a rinkaku-shiki layout in which three kuruwa (bailey, precincts and compounds that make up the castle grounds) and three moats are alternately arranged from the center outwards. The castle was built twice: once in the Tensho era (end of the 16th century), and once in the Keicho era (beginning of the 17th century). It survived into the Meiji period while undergoing restoration from fire and earthquake damage. The area was subsequently used for such things as army barracks, government offices, and schools before, following World War II, the center of the castle became a park where visitors can soak in the area’s history. During an excavation survey of the stone base of the tenshu (tower keep) in 2016, relics of the medieval Imagawa clan were discovered, along with the stone bases of the tenshu from the Tensho and Keicho eras. In particular, surveys of the Keicho-era tenshu’s stone base yielded three results. Firstly, details such as the size of the entire stone base and the characteristics of its ishigaki (dry stone walls) were revealed. Secondly, the rear surface of the ishigaki and the structure of the foundations were revealed. Thirdly, traces of the castle’s construction and restoration processes were confirmed. From the results of excavations and other facts it is clear that the tenshu of the Keicho-era Sumpu Castle was exceptionally large in scale and unique in structure compared to other castles. Considering this, along with the castle’s other characteristics, it is fair to say that Sumpu Castle was an exceptional castle. It is indicative of the castle’s suitability as a symbol of Tokugawa Ieyasu’s government in Sumpu. We can see that Sumpu and Sumpu Castle were places of great importance that served as the stage for restoring diplomatic relations between Japan and Joseon, just as Ieyasu was establishing his government.

• EndNote
• RefWorks
• Scholar's Aid
• BibTeX

Export Citation Cancel

Through four-time dispatches of Tongsinsa(diplomatic envoy) during the eighteenth century, Joseon literati developed their awareness of Japan, encountering the external environment based on their own ideology. Firstly, the envoys led by the Soron faction(少論) or their party in 1711 and in 1719 attempted to perceive Japan by relativization and had a tendency of Domunbulli(Tao and Literature is independent). Some of them even formed a sympathy with Sorai School. However, diplomatic environments during the time of those two dispatches were completely different. The circumstances were inevitable condition for Joseon literati to associate with Nanga painters. While Gion Nankai(祇園南海) and Hattori Nankaku(服部南郭) could be referred to this condition, Joseon literati had a companionship with Nankai. Unlike previous dispatches, the envoys directed by the Noron faction(老論) and assisted by Soron faction who belonged to Measa(梅社, gathering for plum blossom poetry) in 1748 mainly focused on being aware of Japan from the perspective of Neo-Confucianism, which made their awareness much more negative. The field of Kogaku(古學), in particular, was intensely criticized. Joseon literati might hold the position for Jaedo Theory(Theory of literature as the vehicle of the way) or a tendency of Domunbulli as per their categories, while they would appreciate Japanese paintings with a viewpoint of literary paintings. This consideration and artistic theory had made Joseon literati not to associate with Yanagisawa Kien (柳沢淇園) who was related to Sorai school. However, it is confirmed that they had met Ikeno Taiga(池大雅) who showed inexplicit ideological inclination. The dispatch of envoys in the year of 1763 led by Noron faction marked a significant turning point in artistic exchange between Joseon and Japan. Joseon literati from the dispatch identified Japan with Sozhonghua(Little Sinocntrism) and Jonjudaeui Study(The cardinal principle revering the Zhou) as well as Neo-Confucianism. They were negative to Kogaku. In addition, most of them were Nakron School involving with Kim Chang-hyeop brothers. They perceived Japan with a relativist view based on the argument of the sameness between human nature and material nature. Among them, as Won Jung-geo and Seong Dae-jung mostly claimed Jaedo Theory while having a tendency of Domunbulli, they maintained a positive perspective toward Nanga paintings. As a result, Kenkado-Ajip-Do(Kenkadō gashūzu, 蒹葭堂雅集圖) which Seong asked Kimura Kenkado to paint showed some tendency of Joseon paintings. In 1776, two years after the envoy returned to Joseon, a letter was delivered to Nam Ok, which had never been seen or done before between the two countries. Lastly, their performance and way of thinking had a substantial impact on Bukhak Schoolers including Hong Dae-yong to form their awareness of Japan.

• EndNote
• RefWorks
• Scholar's Aid
• BibTeX

Export Citation Cancel

When the Joseon Mission(朝鮮通信使) anchored at Ainoshima (藍島) in Fukuoka(福岡) Prefecture in 1711, Shunan Takeda (竹田春庵), a professor at the Fukuoka Clan School, responded by reciting poetry and communicating in writing. The Takeda Collection(竹田文庫) at the Kyushu University Library and Fukuoka Prefectural Library holds numerous manuscripts of poems by Joseon Mission to Japan. In this paper, we will look at the formation process of the written documents and questions prepared by Shunan Takeda in advance. This paper also analyzes the differences in academic tendencies between Japanese and Joseon Neo-Confucianism(朱子学) through writing and correspondence with Lee Dongguk(李東郭). In addition, the content of Shunan Takeda’s correspondence on Confucianism with Lee Dongguk is analyzed. The results of this analysis show that the Japanese NeoConfucianism (Ekiken school 益軒学派) emphasizes the study of social implementation and practical affairs. Joseon Neo-Confucianism emphasizes the training of the mind. I was able to clarify the difference between Neo-Confucianism of the two countries.

• EndNote
• RefWorks
• Scholar's Aid
• BibTeX

Export Citation Cancel

• EndNote
• RefWorks
• Scholar's Aid
• BibTeX

Export Citation Cancel