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This study examines original documents of the negotiation between Tsushima-Clan and Korean government, of the cooperation between Tsushima-Clan and Hagi (Möri)-Clan of Korean correspondent envoy in the 13th year of Hðrekl; in 1763, which reached to Edo for the last time. It discusses the meaning of the Korean correspondent envoy and the reason of their suspension from the viewpoint of the political system of the Shogunate State of those days. In the first chapter, it argues the reception of Daimyös for the Korean Correspondent Envoy in the 13th year of HðrekÍ, in 1763, by the documents of Hagi(Möri)-Clan to conclude that they were afraid to make unexpected precedent and they became conceited from their abundant records of experience. Beyond the royalties for Tokugawa Shogunate, sympathy arouse among Daimyös who were engaged in the reception under the administration of Shogunate in place of disappear of circumspection for the reception of Korean correspondent envoy. On the other hand, the order of the Shogunate was given to the lord of Tsushima and the chief retamer of Tsushima-Clan m Edo. It reflects the administration of Shogunate and the relation between Shogunate and Tsushima- Clan in the middle of the eighteenth century. In the second chapter, the government officials of Tourajf u(Foreign Office at Dongnea) intended to keep their precedent to avoid to make undesirable precedent while the officials responsible of Tsuahima-Clan would restrict the precedent to the phase of documents and ceremomes and they asserted that the number of semor councilors had to be changed m the feudal system of the Shogunate state different from the bureaucracy of the dynasty of Korea to achieve their demand on the presents from Korea to the Shogunate. It shows an evidence that the diplomatic system of Korean correspondent envoy reached a dead end at m 1763. Also in 1763, independent judgment of Tsushima-Clan was disappeared as opposed to absolutely depend on the ambassadors were seemed to had final right of decide on Korean side.

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It is said that Japan and Korea in the early-modern times had a ‘friendship’ relations for 260 years. One of the symbols was the Joseon delegation sent by Joseon to Japan. In 1811 , the final, the 12th Joseon delegations CTongsinsa) visited Tsushima. It was 24 years after shogun Ienari assumed the position of the 11th. Counting from the previous delegations, 47 years passed. The 12th Tongsinsa was also different from the previous ones in that the sovereign’s letters were exchanged in Tsushima instead of in Edo. Most of the research on the negotiations over the 12th Korean delegation still relied on the study by Tabohashi Kiyoshi. However, especially in recent years, an analysis of the Korean letters exchanged between the Korean interpreters and the Japanese ones had been progressing, and it showed what kind of exchanges were actually made regarding the negotiations at the forefront between Japan and Korea . In the historical materials written by Oda Ikugoro , an interpreter who did the prior discussion of the negotiations, he recorded a 10t of the actua1 exchanges that were not seen in the officia1 records of the Busan Weagwan, the forefront of dip1omacy. Therefore, in this paper, 1’d 1ike to confirm the issues being dea1t with by the Tsushima clan, the Korean dynasty, and the Edo shogunate re1ated to the negotiations, and clarify the activities of interpreters in Weagwan, based on the record of the ‘fie1d’ of negotiations over the Korean de1egation. Then 1 tried to draw the aspects of Japan-Korea exchange in Weagwan, which supports the negotiation, to clarify the rea1ity of Japan-Korea dip10macy from the end of the 18 century to the beginning of the 19 century. Unlike the usual route of instructions and orders, the negotiation of the 12th Joseon delegations was carried out secretly. An influential person of the Korean Dynasty ordered the interpreters to do so. As a result, when the key pillars had died, the negotiations stalled. Moreover, a case that some dip10matic documents were forged by the interpreters was revealed, and the negotiations got stuck. On the other hand, in Japan, Karos, chief retainers of the Tsushima clan, who followed the shogunate’s intention, ordered a certain interpreters to negotiate in the forefront. Because they as well did not take the usual route of command, a power struggle within the clan affected the negotiations. In the end, the shogunate intervened to suppress the forces of the opponents. The political stability of the two countries had allowed making good progress on the negotiations. In the background, however, there was a cooperative relationship between Korean and Japanese interpreters. They negotiated secretly with sharing information in depth, sometimes ousted the other interpreters who were interrupting the negotiations, and even collaborated to forge leUers to accomplish their aims. These relationships between interpreters were created through daily exchanges. Sometimes they treat yangban who visited Weagwan ‘to see the Japanese' generously. It lead to some knowledge about the ‘behavior of Japanese' to yangban in the short term, but also lead to connections between yanban and interpreters in the long term. Behind the diplomatic negotiations, there was the ‘effort’ in the ‘field' . The diplomacy was supported by the connections between people who worked at the forefront of both countries.

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The history of Korea’s ships begins with a log raft, and the development of tools shows a log ship dug up inside the log, and develops into a quasi-structural ship that digs through the log and aUaches several to each other. Afterwards, the curved natural wood is refined to fit the structure, and it is developed into a structural ship that aUaches itself to each other and closes the wooden nails. The perfect type of structural ship was not only developed on the coast of Korea, but also on cultural exchanges with China and Japan through the sea route. Among them, the Joseon Tongsinsa ship was built and operated by a country that engaged in cultural exchanges between Korea and Japan during the Joseon Dynasty. During the four-year period from 2015 to 2018, this document summarizes and describes the details of ancient document and painting data analysis, two types of estimation design, execution design for reproducibility, shipbuilding engineering analysis for navigation performance and stability, and structure.

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Although many studies are devoted to the historical record of the diplomatic envoys of the Joseon dynasty, few have investigated their involvement in the history of ceramics. Hence, this study examined the type and the significance of a kiln site of the 17th century and that of the white porcelain unearthed at Shiomi Tamon Yaguradai, Edo-castle and Naniwabetsuin, Osaka, both of which are important historical sites related to diplomatic envoys of the Joseon dynasty in Japan. White porcelain found at Shiomi Tamon Yaguradai, Edo-castle was thought to be a byproduct of imperial kilns from the second half of 16th century to early 17th century and kilns in Gyeongsangnam-do. Its characters appeared to be similar to those on tea ceremony utensils used as ritual vessels during the first half of the 17th century. They were believed to be either closely related to the Confucian ritual vessels used by the Shogun Tokugawa, during whose reign the commissioning of ritual vessels and ritual ceremonies in Nikkosan reached new heights, or to the white porcelain pots used to present honey to the Shogun as a gift. Joseon white porcelain found in Naniwabetsuin, Osaka is thought to be from Gyeongsangnam-do and was either brought there by diplomatic envoys as a “ tea bowl" or was possibly used as “ tableware" by envoys in that particular region, as observed in historical records. Regarding further research in ceramic history, first, an issue remains regarding the chronology of 17th-century white porcelain from Gyeongsangnam-do, which was an area frequented by these diplomatic envoys, and second, there is a need to increase materials based on academic excavations. Regarding the study of diplomatic envoys, the best approach is to perhaps deepen our understanding of ceramics as an essential cultural component that could provide empirical testimonies to a vast amount of historical records. Finally, further research in various fields , including archaeology, art history, and philological studies, could focus on ceramics in relation to these diplomatic envoys.

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The Joseon Tongsinsa was the diplomatic corps carrying the king’ s message were sent from Joseon to Edo Bakuhu at the Joseon Dynasty. It took around four months to eleven months by returning home , and about 12,000 li( 里) in distance. It 、'\'as very hard travel by sailing Daehan Straits which are very dangerous , therefore the government gave several parties called Jeonboelyoen for encouragement. Jeonboelyoen was the official ceremony of four times in Chungju and Andong and Goengju and Busan at the first time of the late Joseon Dynasty, but only Busan was held from 1719 year by the Official document. But it was held more times from 1719 years by concrete analysis. Hae Sin Je at Young Ga Dae in Busan was a significant ceremony held by Joseon Tongsinsa who wished a safe voyage to Japan by performing a sacrificial service to appease a sea god. According to the recordsOiterature cited) , it is said that Hae Sin Je at Young Ga Dae followed the procedure of Hadokeui in wKuk jo 0 Re Euú , but it is hardly likely to find any other detailed references to the things needed to the sacrificial service except WHaeyurok~and ~Il guangú ， 『SinmitongsinIlrok』. Compared to those of Hadokeui in 『Kuk Jo 0 Re Eui』 ， the services in 『Haeyurok』 and 『Ilguangi』 ， 『SinmitongsinIlrok』 have less things in terms of the kinds and numbersCor amount). It is estimated that it’s due to the distinctive features of the place and time holding the service. The sailing of Joseon Tongsinsa had been awfully dangerous , therefore it was prepared concretely by several steps in Busan. The preparations of the sailing was the check of ships and the wind , the weather, the tide. The embarkation of the ships and Ha Sin Je were also very important. The Joseon Tongsinsa was prepared very carefully the their sailing , but they gulped down by the angry waves from the leaving of Busan Port. They were very much dangerous between life and death. They had many sailing accidents , but they were not killed in the sailing accidents. It was thanks to the wisdom of the sailing and meteorology o[ our ancestor in Korean pre-modern.

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The 12 times Korean envoys who visited Japan during the Edo period were important diplomatic missions. FukuokaHan hosted each of the envoys at Ainoshima(currently Shingu Town, Kasuya gun, Fukuoka prefecture), except for the 12th envoy in 1811. Before Korean envoys came to Japan, with hawks and horses as gifts to the shogunate of Japan. In the case of 1748, the evidence was exchanged at the request of the official of Tsushima - Han because one hawk died when it arrived at Ainoshima. In addition, because a ship carrying horses landed on Shikanoshima Island(Fukuoka City, Fukuoka prefecture) , the official of Fukuoka - Han responded by sending it back to Iki(Nagasaki prefecture). Korean envoys went through Ainoshima, and on the way to the next destination, Shimonoseki, they took refuge temporarily in HaedomariCShimonoseki Ctiy, Yamaguchi prefecture). The reason for this was that Fukuoka - Han and Kokura - Han could not cooperate because the weather was bad, it was sunset, and the Korean ships took a selfish action. Before the case of 1748, that the Korean ships took a selfish action. This background is thought to be related to the initiative of Tsushima - Han and Korean envoys. Korean envoys took pride as the representatives of their country, and it was this pride that led Korean envoys to Tsushima - Han. Fukuoka Han was at the mercy of both parties and the burden of entertainment increased. To host the Korean envoys for the Fukuoka • Han was an important role commanded from the Edo shogunate, and it was necessary to entertain them even if it became a burden. By the way, the case of 1748 became a big problem when the next Korean envoys visited ]apan, and the Fukuoka - Han and the Hagi - Han came into conflict. On the other hand, it is necessary to elucidate it what kind of effect a trip to Korean envoys has on body and heart. Especially, Korean envoys were often strained because the weather might change suddenly in the middle of the voyage. Moreover, there were a lot of people who complained about the condition of being sick and stressed due to the conditions on board ships to which they were not accustomed. Therefore. it is necessary to pay attention to the state of people's mind and the body, and to analyze as well as consider various events which happened in the process of the delegations trip including the selfish action of the Korean ships. In this regard, 1 would like to pursue research in the future.

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“ Documents on Joseon Tongsinsa/Chosen Tsushinshi" which have been in custody in Japan and Korea, comprise a total of 111 articles(333 items) were nominated for the International Memory of the World Register in October 2017. However, these records comprise only a few documents that remain in various locations all over the world, including both countries. This is because these documents are nominated as a representative of the documents as a whole and meet the minimum requirements to testify to the signification and uniqueness of the diplomatic missions. Most of the documents are of great significance to studying the missions regardless of whether or not they are nominated, or they have a high scholarly value. The records that are not nominated should be put on the UNESCO World Heritage List in the future so that the preservation and application of a whole cultural property can follow. To do this, this paper tries to introduce the related documents located in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan, classified by provinces and by owners. Most of all there are a number of travel records in archives in Yamaguchi Prefecture and Iwakuni Chokokan , most of which have not been fully researched ye t. It can be expected that these documents will be studied further in the future.

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The Document of Joseon Tongsinsa is a generic term regarding Tongsinsa, diplomatic delegation dispatched to Japan 12 times with the invitation of Tokugawa shogunate from 1607 to 181 1. The Document of Joseon Tongsinsa contains the historic experiences and wisdom of Joseon and Japan that experienced disastrous wars and established and maintained peace with nothing missed. It also contains the spirit of exchange that respected each other to practice SeongsingyorinCrelationship with sincerity and trust) in the equal status. Therefore, the Document of Joseon Tongsinsa has remarkable and universal value to solve tasks of eternal peaceful coexistence and respect of other culture, which are human’s common issues, as a peaceful. intellectual heritage proved by the two countries' historical experience. Documents of Joseon Tongsinsa that are registered as UNESCO Memory of the World are total 333 pieces of 111 cases, among which documents belonging to Korea are 124 pieces of 63 cases, and those belonging to Japan are 209 pieces of 48 cases. These can be broadly classified into diplomatic record, journey record and cultural exchange record. The diplomatic record is 51 pieces of 5 cases(Korea 32 pieces of 2 cases, Japan 19 pieces of 3 cases), the journey record is 136 pieces of 65 cases(Korea 67 pieces of 38 cases, Japan 69 pieces of 27 cases) , and the cultural exchange record is 146 pieces of 41 cases(Korea 25 pieces of 23 cases, Japan 121 pieces of 18 cases). Being registered as UNESCO Memory of the World basically means the materials are valuable ones that hold universal values, but at the same time , they are the ones that need special attention in preservation and improvement of accessibility. Then , what is the method to preserve the documentary heritages and to improve their accessibility according to the intention of UNESCO Memory of the World? Most urgently , the information of the records should be open to public in order to improve the accessibility of documentary heritages. The information here means the whole contents that the records contain beyond release of records. Being open to public means the contents of records should be interpreted for normal people to easily understand and be published in books or be on website. In other words, the whole contents of sahaeng-ilgi, poetry and prose, and letters along with all the poems of paintings and calligraphic works should be open to public through books or website after being interpreted. The meanings of documentary heritages are difficult to be conveyed without texts due to their characteristics. Therefore, institutions holding documentary heritages should secure budget and specialized manpower record and cultural exchange record. The diplomatic record is 51 pieces of 5 cases(Korea 32 pieces of 2 cases, Japan 19 pieces of 3 cases), the journey record is 136 pieces of 65 cases(Korea 67 pieces of 38 cases, Japan 69 pieces of 27 cases) , and the cultural exchange record is 146 pieces of 41 cases(Korea 25 pieces of 23 cases, Japan 121 pieces of 18 cases). Being registered as UNESCO Memory of the World basically means the materials are valuable ones that hold universal values, but at the same time , they are the ones that need special attention in preservation and improvement of accessibility. Then , what is the method to preserve the documentary heritages and to improve their accessibility according to the intention of UNESCO Memory of the World? Most urgently , the information of the records should be open to public in order to improve the accessibility of documentary heritages. The information here means the whole contents that the records contain beyond release of records. Being open to public means the contents of records should be interpreted for normal people to easily understand and be published in books or be on website. In other words, the whole contents of sahaeng-ilgi, poetry and prose, and letters along with all the poems of paintings and calligraphic works should be open to public through books or website after being interpreted. The meanings of documentary heritages are difficult to be conveyed without texts due to their characteristics. Therefore, institutions holding documentary heritages should secure budget and specialized manpower and immediately start text interpretation work. There might be differences according to the volume documentary heritages, but it takes a lot of time to interpret texts , so it is necessary to plan and start working urgently. It is important to open the images of documentary heritages to public , so that anyone can easily access and use them in various fields. Documentary heritages are our assets that we inherited from our ancestors, preserve and will bequeath to our descendents. Institutions holding them are the management authority rather than those who own, so they have obligation not only to preserve but also to share them. It is necessary to constantly plan and promote various exhibitions, education and academic programs, and cultural events with the theme of documentary heritages. The accessibility of documentary heritages can be enhanced when they are easily understood and spread widely. Furthermore, if institutions holding them plan and process these together, the synergy effect can be also expected. For this, there is a need to consider forming a consultative group. If a consultative group is formed , it is easy to get budget and experiences from government or UNESCO , and exchange and cooperation not only with domestic institutions but also with holding institutions in Japan can be reinforced.

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